GPT-4.1 vs o3
Side-by-side benchmark comparison across coding, math, reasoning, speed, and pricing.
o3 by OpenAI wins on 13 of 19 benchmarks against GPT-4.1 by OpenAI, which leads on 3. This head-to-head comparison covers coding, math, reasoning, speed, and pricing metrics from our benchmark data.
Category-by-Category Breakdown
General Intelligence: In general intelligence, o3 scores 1380 on Chatbot Arena ELO compared to GPT-4.1's 1340, while o3 scores 84.0% on MMLU-Pro compared to GPT-4.1's 78.0%, while o3 scores 9.5 on MT-Bench compared to GPT-4.1's 9.4, while o3 scores 92.0% on IFEval compared to GPT-4.1's 88.0%, while o3 scores 86.0% on TruthfulQA compared to GPT-4.1's 85.0%.
Coding: In coding, o3 scores 90.0% on HumanEval+ compared to GPT-4.1's 89.0%, while o3 scores 69.1% on SWE-bench Verified compared to GPT-4.1's 50.0%, while o3 scores 70.0% on LiveCodeBench compared to GPT-4.1's 55.0%.
Math: In math, o3 scores 96.0% on MATH compared to GPT-4.1's 83.0%, while o3 scores 98.5% on GSM8K compared to GPT-4.1's 94.0%.
Reasoning: In reasoning, o3 scores 83.3% on GPQA Diamond compared to GPT-4.1's 58.0%, while o3 scores 75.7% on ARC-AGI compared to GPT-4.1's 40.0%, while o3 scores 94.0% on Winogrande compared to GPT-4.1's 93.0%.
Context: In context, GPT-4.1 scores 1.0M on Context Length compared to o3's 200K.
Pricing Comparison
GPT-4.1 costs $2.0/1M input tokens and $8.0/1M output tokens, while o3 costs $2.0/1M input and $8.0/1M output. Both models are priced identically for input tokens.
Speed Comparison
GPT-4.1 generates output at 70 tok/s compared to o3's 40 tok/s, and the time to first token is 450 ms for GPT-4.1 versus 800 ms for o3. GPT-4.1 delivers faster throughput.
Verdict
For developers prioritizing speed, GPT-4.1 has the edge. For those who value coding and general intelligence and math, o3 is the stronger choice.
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GPT-4.1 vs o3 — FAQ
Which is better, GPT-4.1 or o3?
o3 wins on more benchmarks overall (13 vs 3). However, the best choice depends on your specific needs — each model excels in different areas.
How does GPT-4.1 compare to o3 for coding?
o3 is better for coding, scoring 69.1% on SWE-bench Verified compared to 50.0%. SWE-bench tests real-world software engineering by resolving actual GitHub issues.
Is GPT-4.1 cheaper than o3?
Both models are priced the same at $2.0/1M input tokens. GPT-4.1 output costs $8.0/1M and o3 output costs $8.0/1M.
Which is faster, GPT-4.1 or o3?
GPT-4.1 is faster, generating output at 70 tok/s compared to 40 tok/s. Faster output speed means shorter wait times for API responses.
What benchmarks does the GPT-4.1 vs o3 comparison cover?
This comparison covers 19 benchmarks including Chatbot Arena ELO, MMLU-Pro, HumanEval+, MT-Bench, IFEval, MATH, TruthfulQA, GPQA Diamond, and more. Metrics span general intelligence, coding, math, reasoning, speed, and cost categories.